Statics of particles; forces in plane and spree; statics of rigid bodies : Equivalent system of forces; equilibrium in two and three dimensions, work and energy, analysis of trusses, frames, and machines, free body diagram; kinematic; stability friction, centroids and center of gravity-lines, area and volumes. Moment of inertia of areas and masses

Waves: Wave equations, traveling waves and stationary waves; principles of superposition, Doppler effect. Sound; Definitions, velocity of sound in air and material media and its variation, velocity of transverse & longitudinal vibration in wires and rods. Echoes briefly. Optics: properties of light, the electromagnetic character of light; sources of light and their spectra, absorption & scattering, dispersion, polarization of light.

Review to Arabic courses taken in high school including construction of Arabic sentence, spilling and punctuation.

Introduction; definitions, conventions. Instrument, dimensioning, some geometrical constructions; e.g., drawing of some polygons, parallel lines, line and arc tangents. Projection; theory, types of projection, one view projection, multi-view projection, first and third angle projection, applications, including missing line views. Sectional vie s; complete section, half section, pant section, removed sections, revolved section, and applications.

The course provides basic knowledge of the science of motion of particles and bodies, during which the student acquires the ability to:• Converting systems into mathematical models suitable for applying the laws of motion and drawing the free body diagram.• Studying the movement of particles and objects in isolation from the forces that cause them (kinematics).• Studying the movement of particles and objects under the influence of the forces causing them (kinetics).• Developing students' self-confidence by developing dynamic problem-solving skills.Introduction to dynamics. Kinematics of particles; Kinematics of rigid bodies. . D’Alembert’s principle. Kinetic energy of a rigid body in plane motion. Kinetics of rigid bodies in three dimensions; motion of a gyroscope. Introduction to mechanical vibrations.

Introduction; historical background, units, definitions, concepts of heat, temperature, force and work. Closed system and control volume; equation of state for ideal gas; properties of pure substances. The first law of thermodynamic s, reversible and irreversible processes. The second law of thermodynamics.sand Its corollaries, temperature scale, entropy, closed system processes, steady and unsteady flow processes, thermodynamic cycles.

Kinematics: Mechanisms, Classification, Velocity and acceleration by analytical and graphical methods, Force analysis. Introduction to the theory of cams. Gears: Terminology, Classification, Gear trains. Crank-effort diagrams: Flywheel effect on speed and energy fluctuations in engines

Structural loading analysis: Types of structural loading, Classification of frames and beams, Statically determinate and indeterminate structures, Calculation of structure reactions. Loading diagrams (beams): The method of sections, Shear in beams, axial force in beams, Bending moment in beams; Shear, axial-force and moment diagrams; Step by step procedure, Shear diagram by summation; Moment diagram by summation; Shear force and bending moment relations. Deflection of beams:  Differential equation of deflection curve; Deflection by integration of the bending equation; Moment-area method; Temperature effects; Continuous  beams. Torsion:  Circular and non-circular solid shafts; Hollow circular shafts; Thin-walled tube: Shear center and shear flow. Introduction to stress and strain  analyses: Normal and shear stresses and strains; volumetric strains; Poisson’s ratio; Hook’s law; Engineering strains; True strains; Uniform deformation; Tensile tests; True stress-true strain curves; Point of instability

Stresses and Strains: Review; Principle stress and principle strain; Plain stress and plain strain conditions; Stress _ strain relationship; Constitutive relationships; Stress equilibrium equation; Couple equation; Compatibility relations Graphical Representation of stress and strain:  Stresses on oblique surfaces; Mohr's circle for stresses and strains. Stress concentration: In tension and compression; In torsion; Contact stresses. Beams: Bending and shear stresses; Deflection of non-uniform beams; Strain energy in bending. Stresses in bodies of revolution: Thin-walled cylinders; Thick-walled cylinders. Torsion: Non-uniform and composite shafts; Closed-coiled springs. Introduction to Failure theories: Static failure theories(Ductile failure and Brittle Failure); Maximum shear stress theory, maximum distortion energy theory, Maximum principle stress theory, Maximum principle strain theory, Mohr-coulomb theory, Yield surface for plain stress condition,